3/92-7/98 University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Seminar for Language and Cultural Science of Central Asia

Ph. D. for Language and Cultural Science of Central Asia (Zentralasienkunde)

Major: Language and Cultural Science of Central Asia

Minors: Comparative Religious Studies Chinese Studies

Advisors: Prof. Dr. K. Sagaster (Central Asian Studies)

                Prof. Dr. H. J. Klimkeit (Comparative Religious Studies)

                Prof. Dr. R. Trauzettel (Chinese Studies)

Dissertation: Leben und Historische Bedeutung der ersten Dalai Lama

dGe ’dun grub pa dpal bzang po (1371-1474)---Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der dGe lugs pa-Schule und der Institution der Dalai Lama (Life and Historical Significance of the First Dalai Lama dGe ’dun grub pa dpal bzang po (1391-1474)--- A Contribution to History of the dGe lugs pa School and the Institution of the Dalai Lamas)

3/92-3/96 Graduate Research Program of Bonn University: Intercultural Religious and Religious Historical Studies

Advisor: Prof. Dr. H. Waldenfels (Fundamental Theology, Comparative Religious Studies)

9/83-7/86 Nanjing University, Nanjing, PRC. History Department.

M.A., Ancient Chinese History

Advisor: Prof. Chen Dezhi

Thesis: “Studies on the Thirteen Myriarchs (khri skor bcu gsum) of dBus and gTsang in the Mongol-Yuan Dynasty”

7/84-9/85 The Central University of National Minorities, Beijing, PRC.

Graduate Training: Tibetan Language and Tibetan History

Advisor: Prof. Wang Yao

9/79-7-83 Nanjing University, History Department

B.A., History

Thesis: “The Muqali Family in the Mongol-Yuan Dynasty”

07/14-Present，Tenured Professor，Institute for Advanced Study of Humanities and Social Science, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing

04/24-07/24 Numata Professor for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, University of Vienna, Austria

01/06-07/14 Professor, Academic Dean, School of Chinese Classics, Renmin University of China, Beijing.

10/09-07/14 Associate Director of Institute for Advanced Religious Studies, Renmin University of China

09/14/04/15 Fellow of Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Germany

09/12/04/13 Fellow of Institute for Historical Studies, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA

09/11-08/12 Coordinate Research Scholar at Department of South Asian Studies, Harvard University, USA

10/10-03/11 Visiting Professor at Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan

09/09-12/09 Visiting Professor at the School of Buddhist Studies of Fo Guang University, Taiwan

01/07-06/07 Visiting Professor at Center for Buddhist Studies, Hong Kong University

01/05-12/05 Invited Foreign Research Fellow (Guest Professor) at Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan

09/02-12/04 Guest Research Associate at Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University as Recipient of a two-year Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

10/01-08/02 Visiting Professor at Institute for Asian and African Studies, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany

01/01-07/01 Visiting Assistant Professor at History Department, Macalester College, St. Paul, USA

01/00-07/00 Coordinate Research Scholar at Harvard Yenching Institute, Cambridge, USA

                        6/99-present Associate Research Scholar at International Research Institute [for Buddhist Studies], Lumbini, Nepal

                       12/98-12/2001 Associate Research Scholar, Vajrayana Buddhist Association, Hong Kong

                        05/97-12/98 Associate Research Fellow, Bonn University, Germany.

07/86-03/90 Lecturer, Nanjing University, Department of History

Ancient Chinese History, History of Northwestern Minorities, History of Sino-Inner Asian Communication, Tibetan History and Religion

01/2011-Present “Historical and Philological Studies of China’s Western Regions,” Major Project of National Funds for Social Science

07/2010-Present “Studies on Chinese Buddhist Texts concerning Tibetan Tantric Buddhism among the Khara Khoto Collection of Tangut Xia Period”, Sponsored by Renmin University of China (Three Years Project)

01/2009-Present “Comparative Studies of Sino-Tibetan Buddhist Traditions,” Sponsored by Renmin University of China (Three Years Project)

10/09-Present “Tibet Issue between the East and West”, Sponsored by the Ministery of Education, Beijing (Three Years Project)

08/06-07/09 “The Dacheng yaodao miji and the Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in the Mongol Yuan Dynsty,” Sponsored by Central University of National Minorities, Beijing

01/05-12/05 “The Practice of Tibetan Buddhism and its interaction with Environmental Condition in Khara Khoto Area”, sponsored by Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan.

09/02-12/04 “Meditative Steps in Indian, Chinese and Tibetan Buddhist Traditions”,

collaborate with Prof. Dr. Katsumi Mimaki, sponsored by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan.

01/00/07/00 "The Correspondences between Tibetan Lama Theg chen chos rje and Chinese Emperors and Buddhist Monks during the Ming Dynasty" Collaborate with Prof. Dr. L. W. van der Kuijp, Sanskrit and Indian Studies Department of Harvard University, and Prof. Chen Qingying of Chinese centre for Tibetological studies, Beijing, sponsored by Harvard Yen-ching institute.

06/99-05/2001 “Sino-Tibetan Relationships and Tibetan Buddhism in China during the Ming Period (1368-1644), sponsored by International Research Institute, Lumbini, Nepal.

12/98-12/2001 “The Chinese Ch'an Tradition and the Great Perfection Doctrine in Tibetan Buddhism: A Comparative Study”, Collaborate with Dr. Henry Shiu, University of Toronto, Sponsored by Vajrayana Buddhist Association, Hong Kong.

                       05/97-12/98 “Digitalization of the Archive Documents preserved in the Archive of Tibetan Autonomy Region, Lhasa” Collaborate with Prof. Dr. Peter Schwieger of Bonn University, sponsored by German Research Council (DFG).

2013/14         Changjiang Scholar for Distinguished Professorship, Ministry of Education, China

09/02-09/04 Post-doctoral fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

03/95-12/96 Monomenta Serica Scholarship for accomplishment of dissertation, Institute Monumenta Serica, St. Augustin, Germany.

03/92-02/95 The German Research Council (DFG) Fellowship for Participation in “Graduiertenkolleg der Universitaet Bonn: Interkulturelle religioese bzw. Religionsgeschichtliche Studien.”

03/90-02/91 The Chinese National Committee of Education Scholarship for Exchange Scholar, University of Bonn.

Chinese, Tibetan, German, English, Japanese and Sanskrit

1. Monographs

I. German

Leben und historische Bedeutung des ersten Dalai Lama dGe ’dun grub pa dpal bzang po (1391-1474)--- Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der dGe lugs pa-Schule und der Institution der Dalai Lama, Monumenta Serica Monograph Series XLIX, P. 1-476, ISBN 3-8050-0469-9, Styler Verlag, Institut Monometa Serica, St. Augustin, Germany, 2002.

II. Chinese

Rescuing History from Tantric Sex: Tibetan Buddhism at the Mongol-Yuan Court, Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2022

The Great Yuan History and New Qing History: Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism in the Yuan and Qing Dynasties, Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2019 (English version in translation, funded by National Fund for Social Sciences, 2020-2021).

The Return to Philology, Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2019.

Literature and Historical Studies of Buddhism in Xixia, Lanzhou: Gansu wenhua chubanshe, 2018.

Tibetan Buddhism in Central Eurasia and China Proper: First Collection of Studies on The Secret Collection of Works on the Essentials of Mahayana, Beijing: BNU Press, 2017.

Text and History: Shaping Historical Narratives of Tibetan Buddhism and Sino-Tibetan Buddhism, Co-author with Haoran Hou, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2015.

Imagining Tibet: Tibetan Buddhism in Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2015.

An Annotated Translation of Commentaries on the Four Nyingma Doxographies, Co-author with Tam Shek-wing, Henry Shiu, et al., Beijing: China Tibetology Press, 2012.

Philological Studies of Tibetan History and Buddhism, Shanghai: Shanghai

guji chubanshe, 2010, 1-720.

In Search of Shangri-la: Essays on China Studies, Philology and Virtual Tibet, Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2010, 1-225.

Shengru wufenbie zongchi jing duikan ji yanjiu (Entering the Dharani of

Non-Conceptualization: A Comparative Study on Chinese and Tibetan Translations of Arya-avikalpapravesa dharani ), Co-author with Tam Shek-wing and Henry Shiu, Taibei: All Buddha Publishing House, 2005.

Huan hua wang mi mi zang xu (An Annotated Translation of Tantra of the Secret Nucleus rGyud gsang ba snying po), Nyingmapa Series: Sadhana Section 6, P. 1-199, ISBN 962-8189-13-1, Hongkong: Vajrayana Buddhism Association Limited, 2001.

Huan hua wang mi mi zang xu shi ---guang ming zang (An Annotated Translation of Mi-pham rgya-mtsho’s Commentary on Tantra of the Secret Nucleus), Nyingmapa Series: Darsana Section 6, P. 1-323, ISBN 962-8189-14-X, Hongkong: Vajrayana Buddhism Association Limited, 2001.

Yi shi dalai lama chuan (Biography of the first Dalai Lama), P. 1-276, ISBN 957-8900-44-9, Monograph Series of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies 6, Taibei: Tangshan shuju, 1996.

2. ARTICLES

I. English

“Forging the Collective Consciousness of the Chinese Nation and the Chinafication of Tibetan Buddhism，”Journal of Chinese Nation, 2023/2/1.

“On the Integration of Chinese, Tibetan, Exoteric and Esoteric Buddhism in the Tangut Kingdom”, Studies in Chinese Religions, 2022, Vol. 8, No.1, pp.143-184

”Chinese Translations of Tibetan Tantric Buddhist Texts in Tangut Xia, Mongol Yuan and Chinese Ming Dynasties,” Cross-Cultural Transmission of Buddhist Texts: Theories and Practices of Translation, edited by Dorji Wangchuk, Indian and Tibetan Studies 5, The Department of Indian and Tibetan Studies, Universitaet Hamburg, 2016, pp. 269-288.

  “Ming Chinese Translations of Tibetan Tantric Buddhist and the Buddhist

Samgha of the Western Regions in Beijing,” Chinese and Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism, edited by Yael Bentor and Meir Shahar, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2016, pp. 263-299.

 "Recuing History from Tantric Sex：Tibetan Tantric Buddhism at the Mongol Court of the Great Khan," Olaf Czaja and Guntram Hazod (eds.), The Illuminating Mirror. Tibetan Studies in Honour of Per Sorensen on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2015, PP. 445-460.

  “Dasheng yaodao miji and Studies in Tibetan Buddhist History of the Tangut Xia, Mongol Yuan and Ming Dynasties,” 《西域历史语言研究集刊》，第6辑，北京：科学出版社， 2013年，页331-359.

 “Revitalizing Sino-Tibetan Buddhist Studies: Some Old and New Thoughts,” Nepalica-Tibetica: Festgabe for Christoph Cueppers, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, edited by Franz- Karl Ehrhard and Petra Maurer, 2013, PP. 211-226.

“The Political and Religious Legacy of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in Ming China: An Investigation into the Role of Tibetan Buddhism in the Formation of Political and Religious Institutions of the Tangut Xia Kingdom and the Mongol Yuan and Chinese Ming Dynasties”, Tibet in Dialogue with its Neighbors: History, Culture and Art of Central and Western Tibet, 8th to 15th Century, Beijing: China Tibetology Press, 2014

“Esoteric Buddhism and Tantra in Yuan China” and “Esoteric Buddhism and Tantra in Ming China,”  Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, edited by Charles D Orzech, Henrik Hjort Sorensen and Richard Karl Payne, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Vierte Abteilung, China, Bd. 24, Leiden, 2010.

“Chinese Tantric Buddhist Literature under the Tangut Kingdom and Mongol Dynasty: Chinese translations of Tibetan Ritual Texts unearthed in Khara Khoto,’ Yu Taishan and Li Jinxiu eds., Eurasia Studies, Beijing, 2010.

“Reconstructing the History of Buddhism in Central Eurasia (11th -14th centuries): An Interdisciplinary and Multilingual Approach to the Khara Khoto Texts,” Proceedings of Edition, Editions : l'écrit au Tibet, évolution et devenir / Publishing and editing: the evolution and future of writing in Tibet, Indus Verlag 2010.

“On the Interaction of Sino-Tibetan Buddhist Traditions,” Sino-Tibetan Buddhist Interactions: A Treasury of Gilt Copper Buddhist Statues, Eidted by Wang Jiapeng and Shen Weirong, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2009, pp. 34-38.

“A Preliminary Investigation into the Tangut Background of the Mongol Adoption of Tibetan Tantric Buddhism”, Contributions to Tibetan Buddhist Literature, Hallelnternational Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, 2008, pp.315-350.

“Background books and Book’s Background: Images of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism in Chinese Literature”, Images of Tibet in the 19th and 20th Centuries, edited by Monica Esposito, Volume I , Paris: Ecole francaise d’Extreme-Orient, 2008,  pp. 267-300.

“’Phags pa’i Instruction of the Guru Yoga and its Yuan Chinese Translation: A Comparative Study”, Quaestiones Mongolorum Disputatae, III,Journal of Association for International Studies of Mongolian Culture, Ed. By H. Futaki and B. Oyunbilig & W.R.Shen, Tokyo, 2007, pp.17-33.

“Accommodating Barbarians from Afar: Political and Cultural Interactions between Ming China and Tibet”, Ming Studies, No.56, 2007, pp.37-93.

“On the history of the Gling tshang Principality of mDo khams during Yuan and Ming Dynasty”, Tibetstudien: Festschrift fuer Dieter Schuh zum 65. Geburtstag, Eds. by Petra Maurer and Peter Schwieger, Bonn: Bier’sche Verlag, 2007.

“IOL Tib. 52: Another Version of the Tibetan Translation of the Avikalpapraveśa -dhāraṇī, Journal of Buddhist Studies”, Vol.7, Sri Lanka, 2007,pp. 51-72.

“Religious faith and its environmental necessity: a case study of Tibetan Buddhism in Khara Khoto area”, Quaestiones Mongolorum Disputatae, II, Journal of Association for International Studies of Mongolian Culture, Ed. By H.Futaki and B. Oyunbilig & W.R.Shen, Tokyo, 2006, pp.75-92.

“Study of Chinese manuscripts concerning Tibetan tantric practice found in Khara-khoto of the Tangut empire: Essentials for the Dream Yoga”, Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie, No. 15, 2005, pp. 189-23

2.

“The first Dalai Lama Gendün drup”, The Dalai Lamas: A Visual History, Edited by Martin Brauen, Chicago: Serindia Publications, 2005, pp. 32-41.

“Tibetan Tantric Buddhism at the Court of the Great Mongol Khans”---Sa skya panita and ’Phags pa’s works in Chinese during the Yuan Period, Questiones Mongolorum Disputatae: Journal of Association for International Studies of Mongolian Culture, Ed. By H. Futaki and B. Oyunbilig, Tokyo, 2005, pp. 61-89.

"Magic Power, Sorcery and Evil Spirit: The Image of Tibetan Lamas in Chinese Literature during the Yuan Dynasty (1260-1366)". Proceeding of Seminar on the Relationship between Religion and State (chos srid zung 'brel) in Traditional Tibet, March 4-7, 2000, Lumbini, Nepal. Lumbini: International Research Institute, 2003, pp. 151-186.

“Notes on the four Tibetan Si tu conferred by the Ming emperor Yongle in 1413”. Zentralasiatische Studien (ZAS, forthcoming, October 2005).

“The Thirteen Myriarchs of dBus and gTsang and the Mongol-Yuan Institution in Tibet”, Tibetan Studies, Journal of the Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences, No. 2, Lhasa 1989, pp. 46-74.

II. German

“Der erster Dalai Lama Gendün Drubpa“, Die Dalai Lamas. Tibets Reinkarnationen des Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. Hrsg. Martin Brauen, Völkerkundmuseum der Universität Zürich, Stuttgart: Arnoldsche Art Publishers, 2005, S. 32-41.

“Review of Alice Sarkoezi, Political Prophecies in Mongolia in the 17-20th Centuries”. Monumenta Serica 44 (1996), St. Augustin, pp. 530-537.

III. Japanese

“On the history of the Gling tshang Principality of mDo khams during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties”, The Tōyōshi-Kenkyū (The Journal of Oriental Researches), Vol. LXI, No. 4, March 2003, Kyoto, pp. 76-114.

“The Political and Cultural Interaction between Ming China and Tibet: Discourse of Accommodating Barbarians from Afar,” Essays on the History of Chinese Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange in East Asia, Edited by Fuma Susumu夫马进, Kyoto: Academic Publication Commission of Kyoto University, 2007, pp. 264-310.